I have recently bought a new NAS. I have chosen a ZyXEL NAS542. One of the reasons for choosing this NAS is the fact it is possible to install OpenMediaVault on it. Seeing it is possible to run my own Linux installation on the thing, therefore, not being limited to the firmware ZyXEL offers, and being able to get updates after they stop supporting the thing. That possibility was enough to take the risk.
Well… looking at the stock firmware, I am disappointed. So, I am going for OpenMediaVault anyways. So… why am I disappointed in the stock firmware? Well… they say they support NFS. It turned out NFS support is an “app”. It ain’t core functionality. So far so good, but, it it turned out, what they put on the NFS share is a separate directory, not to be seen by any other part of the NAS software, not the in-browser file browser, nothing. This could of course be fixed by logging into a shell account and creating some symlinks, however, I don’t trust their scripts and something might wipe all the data if I do so.
What I would like is to be able to share my shares over any protocol I choose. This is not offered, therefore, for my use-case, where most of my clients will access the NAS over NFS, but the occasional client may talk SMB, to see the same. As this is not offered, I am going to take a look at OpenMediaVault.
When I made the decision to purchase this NAS, I noted there are OpenMediaVault images for this NAS. I didn’t take a closer look at that time. Maybe I should have, as the latest image is from 2018. Kinda old, huh. Furthermore, the SoC used in this NAS is an NXP LS1024A. This SoC has no mainline kernel support. I am kinda suck with a 3.2 kernel. That sounds ancient. I should have done better research prior to buying this ting. Oh well… it seems 5.x support is being worked on, but that is for later. For now, I’ll go with the image from https://seafile.servator.de/nas/zyxel/images/
As the images are 2 GB is size, I took a 2 GB SD Card, and wrote the image to it, put the SD card into the NAS, and switched it on.
$ gunzip debian-nas-stretch-18.069-armhf.img.gz # dd if=debian-nas-stretch-18.069-armhf.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 # gparted /dev/mmvblk0
The NAS came up with the OMV Web interface, and I tried to log in with the default credentials admin:openmediavault. However, it showed an error message saying “Failed to connect to socket: No such file or directory”.
According to this forum thread, the omv-engined daemon isn’t running. Now, there is a shell account with the same credentials, so I ssh’d into the machine, and did a sudo bash to become root, and ran the said daemon. When the daemon was running, I could log in to the web interface. When I logged into the shell, I noticed it’s configured to a German locale. This is not really a surprise as I downloaded the image from a German blog.
Now…. this is an ancient image, so I need to install some updates. This image is based upon Debian “stretch”, which is codename for Debian 9. This has LTS support up to June 2022, so there should still be updates available for this image. As this is a debian image, it uses apt as a package manager. But when I ran apt-get update
, it complained it couldn’t resolve hostnames. It seems I needed to put my nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf
manually for some reason. Oh well…. after that running apt-get update
succeeded, and then proceeding to apt-get upgrade
, it ran out of disk space. Well…. I need a larger SD card.
So, I proceeded with an 8 GB card. I wrote the image, and expanded the file system.
Trying to repeat what I did before, however, this time, the NAS didn’t come up. Why doesn’t it boot? I could open up the NAS, and connect to its UART to see the kernel output, but for now… I don’t feel like opening it just yet. Let’s try another SD card. A 16 GB model. This time it works as it should. Odd… I guess some SD card incompatibilities? Oh well…. let’s try the update thing again like I did last time… and then see if the daemon problem still exists…
And it does… also this
Trigger für openmediavault (4.1.36-1) werden verarbeitet ... Restarting engine daemon ... 'omv-engined' trying to restart 'omv-engined' start: '/bin/systemctl start openmediavault-engined' 'omv-engined' failed to start (exit status 0) -- no output invoke-rc.d: unknown initscript, /etc/init.d/openmediavault-engined not found. openmediavault-engined.service couldn't restart.
It looks like it tries to do some systemd stuff on an rc.d based system? Starting the daemon manually seems to work though… but still… this ain’t the way it should operate. So my take, that image is no good. I guess, I should try to whip up my own some time… while at it, I might look at that kernel as well.
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Hi, I have the NAS540, which is the same of yours. Did you have any success with the OMV? If you remove the SD card, does the NAS boot to the factory firmware again or it becomes unusable?
I have not installed anything to the internal flash, so if I remove the SD card it will boot into factory firmware.
Hi,
Thanks for replying. I tried the same procedure and got the same results. Seems that the final script does a lot of stuff to make it work, but I didn’t run it as it also flashes the kernel. I am not good with Linux, but what do you think about removing the the flashing part of the script? Do you think it would work?
Hello again,
I installed OMV on mine. Works fine, but you really need to flash the new Kernel. But it is really easy to go back to the factory firmware. The Zyxel NAS has 2 independent Flash locations, so when you flash the new kernel the other location still holds the stock kernel/firmware.
The only problem I found is the SMB transfer is really slow when using the OMV, maybe it needs some tuning…
Hello Nick,
can you give some information about your success. Or any reference to more details…
Hi,
Do you have any idea why an NAS542 won’t boot from usb ? Whatever i do, whatever debian i use (stretch or bullseye), two different usb drives, it won’t boot. It just goes directly in the Zyxel OS.
Thanks in advance !
So far I’ve only tried to boot it from SD card, which works.
I haven’t touched the thing for months, I really should take the project up and start moving my data to the NAS.
To be honest, the boot process of the thing ain’t clear to me, how exactly it works.
Hey Nick, you said the SMB transfer is really slow with OMV… I’ve read that the data transfer rates for this device are quite low in general.
Did you find a tweak yet?
Is it still fast enough for 4k streaming?
Best regards
Setting my NAS up, it’s a project that is kinda stalled. I haven’t touched it in month. Sorry for that.
Hey andre, I have a 540 since before covid.
Got it very cheap cause it did not boot up, somehow the bootargs got wrong…
My plan was to use it as a offsite backup but I did not tried anything newer then the old 2018 image yet.
If I remember correctly you can also not update that image to buster cause the old kernel does not met the requirement for the systemd that buster is shipped with.
I have requested the firmware sources at the zyxel support and they provided me a 2GB zip.
I did not take a look at it yet since I have no compilation experience at all…
Grüße aus Deutschland
Oops I only see this now
Hi,
Replying to everyone: After I installed OMV on my NAS540 I went back to the original firmware. With the OMV I was getting around 35MB/s read and write. With the original firmware I can get about 80MB/s write and 95MB/s read(but it is not the latest original firmware, because the latest is slower). I can stream 4K UHD ISOs I made from my own discs, but only using NFS. I saw there is a new version of the OMV build for the NAS540, but I didn’t test it. I think it is possible to tweak it by overclocking or maybe a better OMV build.
Hello,
anyone managed to run OMV 6 on NAS542? I try to update and managed to install Debian 11 then update the OMV 6 but have a error 500 inside the GUI and try to find out a solution.., I guess it something whit salt but not so sure..
Oops I only see this now
After all of this, I left the thing for what it was, until I was running out of disk space today.
I tried the latest image, and gave up. Running the default firmware… with NFS “app”,
as samba is a pain with file rights. By default it separates its NFS and samba shares,
but I made a symlink from the samba share to the nfs share so the one windows client
can access the files as well.